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Kilmainham Treaty
The Kilmainham Treaty was an agreement reached in May 1882 between the United Kingdom Government under William Ewart Gladstone and the Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell. It was seen as a major triumph for Irish nationalism as it managed to win abatement for tenant rent-arrears from the Government at the height of the Land War.
==Background==
The agreement extended the terms of the Second Land Act of 1881, with which Gladstone intended to make broad concessions to Irish tenant farmers. But the Act had many weaknesses and failed to satisfy Parnell and the Irish Land League because it did not provide a regulation for rent-arrears or rent-adjustments (in the case of poor harvests or deteriorated economic conditions). 〔Collins, M.E., ''Movements for reform 1870-1914'', pp. 54-56, Edco Publishing (2004) ISBN 1-84536-003-6〕
After the Second Land Act became law on 22 August 1881, Parnell in a series of speeches in September and October launched violent attacks on William Forster the Chief Secretary for Ireland and even on Gladstone. Gladstone warned him not to frustrate the Act, but Parnell repeated his contempt for the Prime Minister. On 12 October the Cabinet, fully convinced that Parnell was bent on ruining the Act, took action to have him arrested the following day in Dublin. 〔Lyons, F. S. L..: ''John Dillon'', Ch. 2, p. 55, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London (1968), SBN 7100 2887 3〕
Parnell was conveyed to Kilmainham Gaol, where he joined several other prominent members of the Land League who had also protested against the Act. There, together with William O'Brien, he enacted the No Rent Manifesto campaign. He was well aware that some in the Liberal Cabinet—in particular Joseph Chamberlain—were opposed to the mass internment of suspects then taking place across Ireland under the Irish Coercion Act. The repressions did not have the desired effect, with the result that Forster became isolated within the Cabinet, and coercion became increasingly unpopular with the Liberal Party. 〔 Bew, Paul, '' Parnell, Charles Stewart (1846-1891) '', (''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (2004-5) ) 〕
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